How To Write A Story In The Story Of Chapter 1 - 1145 Words

Before it seemed like they were traveling near fast enough to get airborne, the deck took on a serious tilt. The plane still shook, but in a totally different manner. Slowly, by degrees, the deck leveled out again. The platoon visibly relaxed, giving each other a thumbs up. Trask gave the aircrew ten minutes to accomplish what they needed to do, then unbuckled his restraint and stood up. By the time he neared the cockpit door, all eyes were on him, including that of a crew chief barring the way. The Captain had an letter from the General, although he was pretty certain he wouldnt need it. He considered it his Richelieu letter. The 17th century French Cardinal allegedly gave warrants to his assassins stating that The barer†¦show more content†¦The rest of the passengers were happy to doze off, since spending a night on concrete. He checked his watch every the plane banked as though changing course. Seeing it was way too early to have arrived, he went back to his lists. Later, a crewman notified Alvarez, one of the few who were still awake, that they would be landing shortly. Merced started making his rounds, kicking booted feet. The transports starboard wing dropped slightly and stayed in that position. The craft continued to circle for almost a half hour, before leveling and beginning its descent. The short distance it taxied after later took everyone by surprise. The men stood and stretched, trying to stay out of the way of the crew feeing the captive vehicles. Alvarez was on the ground, directing the troops chased out by Merced to an assembly area, where they formed a perimeter. Several platoons were sweeping the airport shooting the dead as they came into range. An Engineer company, followed by a rifle company raced across the runways on an unknown mission. Another company of Engineers were setting up a fence fifty feet from where the original had collapsed. The smell of the pile of dead had many soldiers pause in their work to vomit. The fence crew was watched over by two companies of riflemen, although no mobile dead had approached the opening. At the same time, mechanics climbed over theShow MoreRelatedHow To Write A Story Of The Story Chapter 11076 Words   |  5 Pagesfor her liking. You guys sure took your time, I thought Id had to come get you myself, She said, sounding as pissed as she looked. Uh, sorry, we got sidetracked along the way by heartless. He chose his words carefully knowing how scary she could get when angry. How does it look from the inside? Not good. The place is packed with heartless, itll take forever to comb through them all. Were looking for a few Mythril crystals, right? Mythril should be easy to find, Yuffie said. I bet weRead MoreHow To Write A Story Chapter 1822 Words   |  4 PagesI needed to assess the situation. I thought back to the time when I was with Salim at the eye and realized that I never saw him get on the Eye. If we couldn’t see Salim come out of the capsule and he wasn’t still in it, then that means he never got in it! I immediately shared my brilliance with Kat. â€Å"But why would he not get on?† â€Å"Maybe because the ticket wasn’t his! The real question is where he went.† I sprinted to the security guard by the gate to the eye with Kat close behind. â€Å"Did you seeRead MoreHow To Write A Story Chapter 11905 Words   |  8 PagesJenna I â€Å"Wake up little sis!† Hannah shook me awake. â€Å"How many times do I have to tell you? Don’t call me that!† I hissed. â€Å"I don’t have training until 2:00. Can’t I sleep in?† â€Å"But we have to get ready for capture the flag!† Hannah whined. â€Å"That’s tonight Hannah! We can get ready later! I’m going back to bed!† I said as I crawled back under my blanket. â€Å"Alright Jenna, you asked for it.† Hannah ripped all the covers off my bunk and pulled me onto my feetRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between How Reading A Text Differs From Watching A Film?1407 Words   |  6 Pages Semester B Unit 1 Lesson 7 Introduction and Objective When you compare and contrast something you are looking at similarities and differences. When you read a story, it may have similarities and differences to other stories. When you watch a movie after you have read the book, you may find similarities and differences. Today s lesson objective is: students will be able to compare and contrast how reading a text differs from watching a filmed or live presentation of the text. Take a minuteRead MoreSemester A Unit 3 Lesson 31626 Words   |  7 Pagesof slavery.† How would we find the central idea as we read? Maybe we would make a list of details we saw in the text. We would certainly need to analyze the text for context clues. Open your digital notebook and describe your strategy and the learning skills you will use to succeed in this lesson. image: http://pixabay.com/en/bubble-caucasian-thought-daydream-19329/ Instruction, Modeling and Student Activities The central idea is the central, linking element of the story. The central themeRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien917 Words   |  4 Pagesabout war,† (Greenya 1). The stories that are contained within the novel talk about themes such as loss, burdens, and the horrifying truths of the Vietnam War, the first war to take place during a more ‘modern’ era, as the tragedies of the war could be broadcasted through television. Much like many soldiers that fought in the war, Tim O’Brien was forced to face through many tragedies. Due to this, the book is used to preserve those who have died in Tim O’Brien’s life. The two chapters within The ThingsRead MoreSemester A Unit 3 Lesson 31626 Words   |  7 Pagesof slavery.† How would we find the central idea as we read? Maybe we would make a list of details we saw in the text. We would certainly need to analyze the text for context clues. Open your digital notebook and describe your strategy and the learning skills you will use to succeed in this lesson. image: http://pixabay.com/en/bubble-caucasian-thought-daydream-19329/ Instruction, Modeling and Student Activities The central idea is the central, linking element of the story. The central themeRead MoreMathematics Of Creative Writing : Exposing The Invisible Tool1712 Words   |  7 Pagestheir story to create an end result that is a balance between exposition and dialogue, romance and action, or tragedy and comedy. That is where mathematical proportions come in—ratio and fractions in particular. Every author uses ratio and fractions, whether they know it or not, and the proper use of them determines the quality of their writing. Who would read a book that’s 70% exposition or 100% dialogue? Therefore, in this essay I will explain the fundamentals of ratios and fractions and how theyRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein - Original Writing1177 Words   |  5 Pages(literary, historical, philosophical, etc.). Many people argue that the gothic genre is a reaction to the Age of Reason. This movement stressed the power of the human mind. Frankenstein is categorized as this. Identify the genre and specify how this work fits its characteristics. The genre is gothic science fiction. It combines fiction, horror, and romanticism. It display horror in that many murders and deaths took place. Also, Frankenstein was seen as an enemy that struck horror in people’sRead More Significance of Chapter 5 in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Essay1212 Words   |  5 PagesComment on Chapter 5’s significance in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Famous writer, Mary Shelley was born in London in 1797. She was the daughter of writer William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft. Shelley’s mother sadly died while giving birth to her. This was an influence included in the later successful novel ‘Frankenstein’. At 19, she married poet Percy Shelley, who she married in 1816. Together, Mary and Percy had five children, but only one survived past childhood. This tragedy, along

Cyber Security Threats, Response and Improvement Free Essays

Cyberspace, or the Internet as an interchangeable reference, is the electronic medium of computer networks and systems in which online communication and enterprise takes place. Originally, the Internet served to interconnect laboratories engaged in government research. However, since 1994, the decentralized Internet has expanded to serve millions of users and a multitude of purposes in all parts of the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Cyber Security: Threats, Response and Improvement or any similar topic only for you Order Now With this shift from government tool to general tool, the Internet has become a collective result of ideas, beliefs and initiatives. Many aspects of our day-to-day lives can be traced along the Internet through some form of electronic function. In addition to its wide reaching powers with regards to the spread of information, the Internet has also become the most democratic and universal form of mass media ever known, since no one entity has a monopoly over the information available, thus making control close to impossible. Clearly, Internet usage in today’s world is no longer viewed as a nonessential luxury. Usage and content has exponentially risen to a level of unprecedented proportion that requires its own area of precautions and supervision. The distal range of context that Cyberspace commands is the basis for a host of security issues and challenges that anyone that utilizes the Internet is made aware of daily. There is a growing awareness in today’s globalized world of the imminent dangers that may befell anyone that isn’t careful of their Internet usage. Cybercrimes such as theft, fraud and identify theft, to name a few, pose as ominous threats to the security of any individual or enterprise that engages the Internet at any given time. Read this  Chapter 2 – Why Security is Needed Not only are these threats that individuals are subjected to, but also threats that the US government has been forced to acknowledge as it becomes increasingly dependent on the internet as a way of life. Based on the combination of the new widespread use of the internet, as well as governments and world’s dependence on the internet for daily life, cyber security has become the new face to American foreign policy, national security, military and defense strategies and economic stability. As President Obama explained, the growing number of attacks on our cyber networks has become â€Å"one of the most serious economic and national security threats our nation faces. † This increased threat explains the increase in the cyber security field, task force work, watchdog groups and government agencies over the past decade. â€Å"Cyber security,† as the field has been coined, is varied and ranges from the local, state and federal levels, all with the purpose of regulating and policing the ill effects of Cyberspace usage. Responding to Threats. The increase of security threats has forced the United States government to meet these new challenges and implement strategies towards the safeguarding and integrity of its critical infrastructures, as well as against an extensive gamut of state and non-state actors that do not adhere to physical borders. The United States government is responsible for the supervisory control and data acquisitions (SCADA) of the entire nation. SCADA has seen a growing dependence of critical infrastructures and industrial automation on interconnected physical and cyber based control systems. There has been a growing and previously unforeseen cyber security threat to these systems, which include industrial control systems, computer systems that monitor and control industrial, infrastructure, or facility-based processes. These critical infrastructures include areas such as water treatment and distribution plants, wastewater collection and treatment plants, oil and gas pipelines, electrical power transmission and distribution generators, wind farms, civil defense siren systems and large communication systems. Although most critical infrastructures are in the private sector, governments at various levels perform many key functions with regard to these infrastructures. Among those key functions are national defense, homeland security, emergency response, taxation, remittances to citizens, central bank activities, criminal justice, and public health. These functions and others now depend upon information networks and systems. Thus, it is the duty of the government by law to secure their information systems in order to provide essential services that is critical to the continuity of government. Government’s role in cyber security is warranted in cases where high transaction costs or legal barriers lead to significant coordination problems; cases in which governments operate in the absence of private sector forces; resolution of incentive problems that lead to under provisioning of critical shared resources; and raising awareness. †7 Policy Review Current cyber security policy has been adjusted to reflect the clear and present danger associated with cyber warfare. The Obama Administration has identified several areas in which cyber security will be greatly impacted. Its near term strategy, which in effect is the Administration’s immediate focus, is the most vigorous strategy, and includes the listing and identification of the designation of a cyber security directorate, establishes cyber security as a management priority, proposes a cyber security action plan that develops a framework for research and development strategies that focus on game-changing technologies that have the potential to enhance the security, reliability, resilience, and trustworthiness of digital infrastructure. The strategy also strives to provide the research community access to event data to facilitate developing tools, testing theories, and identifying workable solutions. 7 Cyber security and its safeguarding of critical infrastructure as we know it today came to pass The Homeland Security Act of 2002 (P. L. 107-296), which transferred and integrated several federal entities that play a role in cyber-security of control systems into the Department of Homeland Security. These entities include the Critical Infrastructure Assurance Office, the National Infrastructure Protection Center, the National Infrastructure Simulation and Analysis Center, and parts of the Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Assurance. Additionally, the Homeland Security Act of 2002 created a new class of information, critical infrastructure information, which can be withheld from the public by the federal government. In spite of the clandestine measures in place to ensure the integrity of privileged information, the cornerstone of America’s cyberspace security strategy is and will remain a public-private partnership. The government, working with key stakeholders, should design an effective mechanism to achieve a true common operating picture that integrates information from the government and the private sector and serves as the basis for informed and prioritized vulnerability mitigation efforts and incident response decisions. From a federal government perspective, the proper and most efficient approach to ensuring the safety and integrity of its cyber security is through rigorous and cost-effective risk assessments. Industry Initiatives Since the field of cyber-security is a relatively new one, it will continue to experience its share of technical difficulties along the way. Initiatives that address the vulnerability of industrial control systems may be reduced and enhanced in a ‘less is more’ approach through a range of federal actions. Development standards by either a voluntary or mandatory process for cyber-security of control systems; identifying and addressing critical infrastructure interdependencies; developing encryption methods for control systems; identifying and establishing technologies to address existing vulnerabilities; funding long-term research into secure SCADA systems; providing for free exchange of risk information between the federal government, private industry, and other critical infrastructure sectors; and assessing federal activities in this area are all possibilities for negotiation. Due to the severity of importance surrounding SCADA systems, federal actions may also create a more uniform process that would include â€Å"the functionality necessary to protect industrial control systems, while providing for more secure operation. † Preparedness and Resources America’s increasing dependence on information technology has given way towards a greater protection of digital networks and infrastructures, however confidence in its current form is as delicate as ever despite renewed calls for better understanding, awareness and preparedness of critical infrastructures. â€Å"Confidence in preparedness is variable. Nearly a third of IT executives surveyed said their own sector was either â€Å"not at all prepared† or â€Å"not very prepared† to deal with attacks or infiltration by high-level adversaries. Among those who had actually experience such attacks, the lack of confidence rises to 41 percent. † It is a generally held view by the cyber security community that the resources in place to secure networks are in adequate measure to respond to at-large threats. Overall, cost was most frequently cited as â€Å"the biggest obstacle to ensuring the security of critical networks,† followed by â€Å"lack of awareness of the extent of the risk. Such a daunting task of safeguarding these important resources can only be handled at the federal level, particularly in the military’s domain, yet even the federal government isn’t impervious to data breaches, nor is the military. The man currently responsible for overseeing US cyber security strategy is Deputy Defen se Secretary of Defense William J. Lynn of US Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM). Secretary Lynn cites the biggest threat to American cyberspace stems from the â€Å"exploitation, disruption and destruction of our networks. In 2008, the US was the victim of a cyber attack that penetrated top-secret classified files. The breach occurred when a foreign intelligence agent used a malicious flash drive to steal information from laptops in Iraq and Afghanistan. Lynn cites this unprecedented event as â€Å"the most significant breach of U. S. military computers ever. †13 More recently in May of 2010, the US Secret Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRNet) was breached by PFC Bradley Manning, which led to the highly publicized Wiki Leaks controversy. USCYBERCOM will play the leading role in helping to integrate cyber operations into operational and contingency planning as outlined by the 2010 Cyberspace Policy Review and the Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR). According to the Cyberspace Policy Review, â€Å"[t] he nation’s approach to cyber security over the past 15 years has failed to keep pace with the threat. † The QDR acknowledges that: There is no exaggerating our dependence on DoD’s information networks for command and control of our forces, the intelligence and logistics on which they depend, and the weapons technologies we develop and field. In the 21st century, modern armed forces simply cannot conduct high-tempo, effective operations without resilient, reliable information and communication networks and assured access to cyberspace. It is therefore not surprising that DoD’s information networks have become targets for adversaries who seek to blunt U. S. military operations. Indeed, these networks are infiltrated daily by a myriad of sources, ranging from small groups of individuals to some of the largest countries in the world. The reality facing governments and private enterprise today with relation to yber attacks is to maintain a steadfast and cautious plan whose efficacy enables them to respond to the incessant attacks by hostile governments and non-state actors alike. Undoubtedly, these measures are costly, but a solid investment in the safeguarding of critical infrastructure and data. The alternative lies in damage control once an attack has been initiated, which when compared to an attack, is exponentially less than the warranted protection in aggregate. The average estimated cost of 24 hours of down time from a major cyber attack was U. S. $6. 3 million in 2010. 6 According to a study prepared by the Poneman Institute, a research center dedicated to privacy, data protection and information security policy, the smaller the gap between compliance and non-compliance costs, the lower the occurrence of compromised records for an organization. 17 According to Undersecretary of Defense Lynn, â€Å"cyber attacks on our military networks have not cost any lives, not yet. But in a six month period, the Defense Department spent more than $100 million defending its networks †¦ and we spend billions annually in a proactive effort to defend our network s. †18 Future Action Plans The interdependence of cyberspace means system networks are heavily dependent on varying infrastructures in order to function at optimum capacity. The US Department of Defense has acknowledged that in order to meet the demands of today’s cyber security threats, they must collaborate with private enterprise in order to coordinate responses to cyber attacks. The Cyber Policy Review states that, â€Å"implementation of this framework will require developing reporting thresholds, adaptable response and recovery plans, and the necessary coordination, information sharing, and incident reporting mechanisms needed for those plans to succeed. Moreover, the QDR supports the Cyber Policy Review by stating that, â€Å"this mutual assistance includes information sharing, support for law enforcement, defense support to civil authorities, and homeland defense. In particular, DoD will strengthen its cooperation with DHS, which leads the national effort to protect federal information systems. †19 Collaborative Effort and Hierarchy While cyber security is currently evolving and become a growing trend in the digital age with relation to national, military and economic security, overnment-sponsored cyber security cooperation varies widely among owners and operators of critical infrastructure in their respective arenas. 20 The advent of globalization has spawned a new age of interdependence and the integration of markets, nation-states and technologies. 21 While there is no question as to the federal government’s responsibility in pooling its resources together for its own security, the question remains insofar as to ho w the US’ allies and partners will collaborate in areas of mutual interest with relation to cyber security. As with any other venture that requires circumspection, the tendency for information sharing not only at the federal level, but international level as well may very well be a one-way street; from bottom, up. While U. S. cyber security policy aims at having a partnership with private enterprise, resistance from the private sector arises from an impending gamut of legislation and regulation. Three areas in particular are a concern for IT professionals: * Lack of faith in the understanding officials have about the way a sector works. Clumsy regulation may â€Å"level-down† security in very diverse sectors. * The risk that mandatory disclosure of security incidents—for example the compromise of personal data—can drive policy and resources in counter-productive directions. 22 These concerns are well founded and derive from the legislative branch’s inability to often time analyze, understand and process information in a timely fashion. Improving Cyber Space It w ill remain an arduous task for anyone and everyone who utilizes cyberspace as a medium for information and data sharing to maintain a relative form of security comfort. Cyberspace in its current form is unregulated by most countries around the world. China is an exception; due to their system of government, the Chinese see it as a strategic interest to hide certain areas of public internet usage. While there are steps in place to promote a healthy relationship in cyberspace from the government on down to private individuals, cyberspace and its capabilities are its infancy in terms of technology, systems and infrastructure. The ceiling is limitless with relation to advancements in all three of these phases. In the short-term, information placed in cyberspace must be carefully weighed for its content value and varying degree of sensitivity. There is a growing demand and shift towards internet usage that has secured access. For example, most websites that handle financial transactions and safeguard personal information have moved towards the â€Å"https://† coding for secure connectivity. Firewalls are an important component as well in handling any would-be hacker or virus from penetrating encrypted data. Such measures are an important step towards maintaining a harmonized cyberspace. The need and demand for privacy is another area of interest in maintaining a safe environment within cyberspace. There’s a profound difference between the location of a terrorist cell on a network server in the Pentagon and an individual’s latest update on a social media site. While both are important for differing reasons, privacy and security are of the utmost importance to maintaining the Internet and its users as safe as possible. Many cyber vulnerabilities exist because of a lack of cyber security awareness on the part of computer users, systems administrators, and technology developers, Such awareness-based vulnerabilities present serious risks to critical infrastructures. 23 Safety and improvements to cyberspace is everyone’s responsibility. With no single governing body in charge of securing and improving cyberspace, it becomes increasingly more important for all users to heed the caveat lectors of their own due diligence and to point out potential trouble areas and vulnerabilities. How to cite Cyber Security: Threats, Response and Improvement, Papers

In what ways has Surrealism influenced fashion Essay Example For Students

In what ways has Surrealism influenced fashion Essay In what ways has Surrealism influenced fashion, and how successful are the results? You will need to include discussion of two examples. By likeability 1. What is surrealism? Surrealism is destructive, but it destroys only what it considers to be shackles limiting our vision. Young Night Thoughts are surrealist from cover to cover. Unfortunately, it is a priest who speaks; a bad priest, to be sure, yet a priest. Heraclites is surrealist in dialectic. Lully is surrealist in definition. Flame is surrealist in the night of gold. Swift is surrealist in malice. Shade is surrealist in sadism. Carrier is surrealist in drowning. Monk Lewis is surrealist in the beauty of evil. Chin von Arming is surrealist absolutely; in space and time Rabble is surrealist in death. Baudelaire is surrealist in morals. Rumbaed is surrealist in life and elsewhere. Harvey Saint-Deny is surrealist in the directed dream. Carroll is surrealist in nonsense. Husband is surrealist in pessimism. Serrate is surrealist in design. Picasso is surrealist in cubism. Bach © is surrealist in me. Rousseau is surrealist in anecdote (And © Breton, 1934, A lecture given in Brussels on 1st June 1934 at a public meeting regained by the Belgian Surrealists, http://home. Lb. AC. UK) Surrealism is based on the belief in the superior reality of certain forms of previously neglected association, in the omnipotence of dream, in the disinterested play of thought. -Andre Breton In the sass, the world was going through one of its all time IoW phases. There was war, or worse, the fear of war, the artists who had been scattered as the result, (who were ea rlier based in Paris of other cities) became of the mindset that it was the overly rational thinking, the so called high rationale of human mind that had brought upon this war. This resulted in an inspired thought that led to a revolution. Thus the idea to follow the unconscious mind arrived, no matter how bizarre its ideas may seem. The word Surrealism was invented in 1917 by Gallinule Billionaire, and adopted by fellow French poet, And © Breton, in 1924 to describe a radical movement of artists and writers, who drew on their subconscious to depict a heightened or super-real vision of the world. (The Surrealist comeback in design, Alice Rawson, The New York times, March 25, 2007) Perhaps this is a little hard to understand, but one of the best examples to describe owe a surrealist thinks is a Salvador Dali quote; when asked do you take drugs, he answered, to the interviewers bewilderment, l do not take drugs. I am drugs. The man who commercialese the surreal Salvador Dali Salvador Dali needs no introduction to anyone who has even remotely studied art. Not only was Dali a tremendously gifted painter, but also a designer, photographer, thinker and an ext raordinary witty writer. His autobiography The secret life of Salvador Dali gives a very good insight into his thought process and his ideas. He was one of the first artists who brought the idea of surrealism from paper (And © Breton was a poet) to the visual arts, thus making it commercial and marketable. According to many, the idea of making surrealist art commercial was against the idea of surrealism. But as the history goes, the artists who had surrealist themes were very successful in the later sasss. The surrealist ideas were incorporated into fashion when Salvador Dali famously collaborated with the Italian designer Else Capillaries. The collection consisted of Lobster Dress Lobster Dress was a simple white silk evening dress with a crimson waistband featuring a large lobster painted (by Dali) onto the skirt. Tears Dress The Tears Dress, a slender pale blue evening gown printed with a Dali design of tromped Leila rips and tears, worn with a thigh-length veil with real tears carefully cut out and lined in pink and magenta. Skeleton dress skeleton dress was a stark black crepe dress which used transport quilting to create padded ribs, spine, and leg bones. Shoe hat the shoe hats were a particular sensation, hats that were the underside of heels on the top. Before Salvador Dali, many artists had already put forward surrealist works, and though not many are worthy of being mentioned in the name breath as Dali, some of the noticeable ones are Giorgio De Chorizo (1888-1978) Cho rizos early paintings were perhaps a vital key in the development of the surrealist style of painting. Characterized by images of empty town squares, suspended corridors and macabre ghost town like depictions of streets and town squares looked like his imagination of a post war era and were full of a sort of haunting loneliness and grim. Cluttered with puzzling objects, such as clocks, giant statues and distant trains, and often featuring deep, dramatic perspectives, De Chorizos paintings left an indelible mark on Breton and numerous other future Surrealists. Among his works from this early Metaphysical period are The Enigma of the Arrival and the Afternoon (1912), The Anxious Journey (1913), The Nostalgia of the Infinite (1913), Mystery and Melancholy of a Street (1914) and The Childs Brain (1914). By the time of the first Manifesto of Surrealism, De Chorizo had moved on to a far more classical approach, much to the chagrin of Breton. He participated in Surrealist activities up to 1925, contributing to the periodicals Lilt ©return and La R ©volition Sour ©aliases, as well as eater writing a Surrealist novel Hobbyhorses in 1929. Rene © Francis Emigrate Some people say that it was the haunting memory of his mother who committed suicide when he was 14 years old. It is said that he witnessed her face covered by her dress as she was pulled out of the water (she committed suicide by throwing herself in a nearby river) the haunting symbolism remained an inspiration for him, even for his famous work Less Aments. Let us come back to the point in history when the surrealist movement that And © Breton had started as a rebellion for poets had captured the minds of designers and as successfully incorporated into fashion by a crazy Spaniard. Pablo picasso and marcel duchamp EssayPerhaps the most famous of his famous surrealist works are his signature high heels. Macaque, 40 at the time of his death can be labeled the most famous and the best example of designers inspired by surrealism in their work. Viviane Westwood Dame Viviane Westwood popularity constantly gains momentum. Her punk attitude is more alive in the Naughtiest than ever and her outspoken, Union Jack waving Englishmen (with a few added safety pins and tea stains), is undiminished. It is fitting that the Establishment has recognized her work by making her a Dame. Viviane Westwood fashions older stateswoman that many wish to emulate, with her younger husband Andrea Chronicler and energy for shaking things up whilst keeping her feet on the ground seems to only recruit admirers. Cutting edge but lassie, she is unflinchingly rooted in what matters, whether it is human rights or classical fiction. No trendy noise for her, Just cleavage, mischief, and CAPITAL LETTER MESSAGES such as sasss l AM NOT A TERRORIST, please dont arrest me baby -r- shirts. Her first catwalk show was presented in 1981, featuring the collaboration of Westwood and McAllen. The theme that year was Pirates. Subsequent Westwood theme titles in the early years included Savage (1982), Buffalo Girls (Autumn/Winter 1982-83) and Clint Eastward, (Autumn-Winter 1984-85) under the Worlds Ends Label he stopped producing the line in 1985 to concentrate on her Viviane Westwood Lines. Viviane Westwood says (Sometimes you need to transport your idea to an empty landscape and then populate it with fantastic looking people. ). She dubbed the period 1981 to 1985 New romantic and 1988-1991 The Pagan Years during which Viennese heroes changed from punks and ragamuffins to Taller girls wearing clothes that parodied the upper class. The period from 1993 to 1999 she called Megalomania and from 2000 to the present Exploration (vogue, 2007) Viviane Westwood has always been a fan of surrealist work and is herself a punk. It is also a known fact that her ex husband was the manager of the sex pistols and they were also associated with surrealism in music. The future of surrealism in fashion upcoming designers s uch as Yang Du Surrealist fashion designer Yang Du established her brand Yang Du in London in 09 after studying in the central Saint Martins College of art and design, and working for designers such as Viviane Westwood, John Gilligan, and Giles Deacon. It is evident in her work that she is a former artist and a fan of surrealism and impressionism. Her work is ultra hip, very colorful and can be seen as a mix of post modern and impressionist. She is especially fond of animal prints, painting animal faces on dresses, and using models with vivid makeup although a notch less vivid than Alexander Macaque. Unlike most surrealists Yang Duds inspirations are less controversial. She stated that she gets her inspirations from her travels. These have included India and Ecuador. Her latest design includes a cactus hat that has actual spines in the top. In the new winter collection, the colors were pastel with animal prints along the dress line. When asked about her design ideology in an interview, she said My ideology I am ere open-minded to new things, and mostly, look at things from a very different angle. I often go on trips, where I take lots of photos and meet lots of people. When I come back to London, I always have so much in my mind, some of them like stories which I really want to share through the clothes I design. (Amelias magazine, 2009) Surrealism in fashion photography Although surrealism is apparent in fashion, it is even more so in fashion photography. It would be almost worthless for a designer to create a design which looked surreal if the photographer couldnt capture the thought of the designer. Fashion photography thus can be called as a way to express surrealism in fashion. Also fashion photography can be used to make a normal collection surreal. One of the authors best photographers is Toshiba Canoe who in her career (1950-1960) made hundreds of collages, and quit the profession after married. Her photography is inspired by surrealist painters such as Giorgio De Chorizo, Max Ernst, Joan Mir ¶, and Francis Pica. It is apparent that she did all her work from an out of the world prospective which is one of the reasons that her pictures though surreal look very believable, and honest. Some of her famous works are the horse and the bride in the sea and the bride on the door. Conclusion The surrealist movement changed many aspects of art. No other visual art was the same after the surrealist movement. Surrealism is that form of art which believes in anything that the subconscious mind can conjure up. It is the way of life for great minds like Salvador Dali who dreamed more than they breathed. In the fashion industry, it was a huge step when Salvador Dali collaborated with Capillaries not only because it lead to two of the most talented minds of the generation to come soother, but also because it opened the door for surrealist art to come in the field of fashion and blossom. And so it did. The careers of Alexander Macaque and Viviane Westwood are a testimony to this fact. And as for the future, the designers like Yang Du are taking forward the legacy and continue to inspire the people with their surreal work that one knows to be untrue but is still forced to think twice. And that is the beauty of the surreal art. It may be argued that the surreal art like most others will one day be obsolete and out of fashion but it is also ever changing.

The Thirty-Seven Day Trip free essay sample

I couldn’t wait for summer. Then I found out that my mom and grandparents had planned a thirty-seven day trip to the western states. My excitement escaped me. After I heard the bad news, I heard the worst. I learned that we would live in the camper for one month, one week, and two days along with an undisciplined Chinese pug that loves to eat everything. I went with my mom, my five-year old brother, and my grandparents. My dad had to stay home and work. We started off in Greenville and then drove to Atlanta. In Atlanta we hopped on the plane, and our trip began. We landed in Salt Lake City, Utah, our first stop. Then we drove to The Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. We will write a custom essay sample on The Thirty-Seven Day Trip or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Grand Teton looked so beautiful. The snow-capped mountains rose above the clouds. Then we drove a while and camped at Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. The breathtaking views looked painted. We packed up and left for our next stop Glacier Park in Montana. We took an adventure to the top of a glacier, riding on an open air bus with six huge tractor wheels. We drank fresh really cold water that came from the glacier. We had a great time balancing on the ice. When we reached Canada we had to stop and let the people check the camper and car for alcohol, drugs, and other items not allowed across the border. They also had to check our passports, which took a long time. We drove and drove and drove until we reached Banff, Canada. Banff had so many beautiful sights to stop and see. My brother and I grew tired of stopping every ten minutes to look over the edge of a mountain. We also went to a beautiful lake named Lake Louise. Vancouver, Canada held the most memories on our trip. We camped in an ugly parking lot under a bridge. Off we went to see the city! My brother and I played in a fun water park and swam in a pool about the size of an acre. My family toured a jungle type area with really high and long swinging wooden bridge made of wooden slats. Unfortunately, my grandma broke her ankle and had to visit the emergency room. Vancouver had Eco-Rangers that shot annoying raccoons (with water guns) that would attack people for ice cream cones. Vancouver wins the award for the most exciting place. We traveled down the coast in Washington, Oregon, and California. The Pacific Ocean took my breath away. The waves crashed along the rocky shore. After seeing Mount Saint Helen up close, camping on the beach in Oregon, and walking through the Redwood Forest, the time grew near to return home to Greenville. Our final stop in San Francisco alarmed me. Homeless people came up to me and asked me to buy them food and drinks. I tried to act as if they weren’t there, b ut that didn’t work at all. We took off from California, and it took six hours to arrive in Atlanta. I enjoyed the camping, the camp fires, the ghost stories, the shopping, the wildlife, and the adventures. When we arrived to Atlanta, joy filled me inside as we drove home. I called all my friends and spent time with them before the summer ended and the new school year started. I also spent time with my dad that I missed so much for one month, one week, and two days. I will never forget the experience. I wouldn’t have wanted to spend my summer any other way. We still talk about the trip to this day.

Computer Based Systems essays

Computer Based Systems essays The system development cycle is a method used to create a system where none has existed before and/or modify an existing system. It is sometimes simply called System Development. It involves a number of stages representing a standard strategy for taking a problem from start to finish. 1. Conservative-working systematically through the steps. 2. Radical-Cycling through the cycle several times until the final result is achieved. The above diagram shows that the system development cycle is represented by 5 broad stages: Requirements analysis or..........Feasibility study. -Duration is relatively short compared to the rest of the development cycle. -It is important to get it right the first time else mistakes could be costly. In the worst case a large oversight would require starting over from step one. The aim of this stage is to see how the present system functions and to identify the nature of the problem (problem definition). once the problem has been identified a report is compiled called a feasibility report. that report contains - (1) Objectives of the initial study (e.g. why a mail order firm takes longer than a week to dispatch orders). (2) depth of the initial study (e.g. Were interviews conducted with staff involved). (3) recommendations including an outline of the proposed development (e.g. redesign current computer After studying the report management have three options - (a) get a second opinion (c) follow recommendations. If the investigation confirms that there is a problem further work and study may be needed. The aim of the analysis stage is to answer the questions who, what, when, why. The ...

Top 10 jobs for trade school graduates

Top 10 jobs for trade school graduates Your educational path post-high school should be one that works best for you. For some people, that’s a four-year degree (or beyond). But for many others, choosing a trade-specific education and building career skills that way is the most fulfilling and financially viable option. If you’re thinking about opting for a specialty trade school as you set your own professional goals, we have info on some of the top careers you can pursue without going the university route. 1. ElectricianElectricians install, maintain, and repair electrical wiring and equipment. The day-to-day work may involve installing, maintaining, and fixing wiring and electrical equipment, installing transformers and circuit breakers, using devices to diagnose electrical problems, reading blueprints, ensuring safety and compliance with national regulations, and ensuring that others are working safely with electrical devices, tools, and infrastructure.What you’ll need: Electricians typically serve a four-year apprenticeship in which they receive direct on-the-job training. This may be done in conjunction with an electrician training program at an accredited trade school, or right out of high school. Most states require electricians to be licensed, so be sure to check your own state’s requirements.How much they make: $52,570 per year, or $25.35 per hourThe career outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that the field will grow about 9% by 2024- about average for all jobs.2. PlumberPlumbing can be a dirty job, but someone has to do it, and that someone can build a lucrative career out of this specialty. Plumbers install and repair water pipes and septic systems. Their day-to-day work may include installing pipes and water fixtures, diagnosing and troubleshooting water-related issues, repairing or replacing water pipe systems, ensuring that plumbing systems are up to code, reading blueprints, and billing customers. This can be a very physically demanding job, as it also requires a lot of hands-on manual work and dexterity.Some plumbers are hired full-time by government agencies or private companies, but many are small business owners and contractors working on their own.What you’ll need: Plumbers typically serve an apprenticeship in which they receive direct on-the-job training. This may be done in conjunction with a plumber training program at an accredited trade school, or right out of high school. Most states require plumbers to be licensed, so be sure to check your own state’s requirements.How much they make: $51,450 per year, or $24.74 per hourThe career outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that the field will grow about 16% by 2024- much faster than average for all jobs.3. Dental HygienistAt a dental appointment, hygienists are the ones who handle prep for procedures, as well as clean teeth and treat minor dental health issues. (They’re also the ones who can tell immediately whether you’ re flossing as much as you say you do.) Their day-to-day responsibilities may include cleaning teeth, examining patients for signs of oral disease (like gingivitis), providing preventative dental care, assisting with dental surgeries and procedures, and educating patients on oral health and follow-up care. Most hygienists are employed by private dental offices, though they may be found in healthcare facilities that offer dental care.What you’ll need: An associate’s degree in dental hygiene from an accredited program (which generally takes two to three years to complete). And although every state requires dental hygienists to be licensed, the requirements to get and keep a license may vary, so check your state’s requirements.How much they make: $72,910 per year, or $35.05 per hourThe career outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that the field will grow about 20% by 2024- much faster than average for all jobs.4. Respiratory TherapistHealthcare field s are growing exponentially, and although many career paths in this field require an advanced degree, there are plenty of options that require trade-specific programs and certification to get started. One such field is respiratory therapy. These professionals work with patients of all ages who may have trouble breathing due to chronic respiratory conditions like asthma, heart conditions, or emphysema. Their day-to-day work may include examining patients, working with physicians and other medical staff to develop treatment plans, diagnosing conditions through tests, treating patients with therapy and medications, monitoring and recording patient process, and educating patients on at-home or follow-up care.Respiratory therapists typically work in hospitals, private medical offices, or other healthcare facilities. The job may require shifts on nights, weekends, or holidays, especially for therapists who work in hospitals or other facilities that are open all the time.What you’ll need: An associate’s degree in respiratory therapy from an accredited program. Respiratory therapists need to be licensed in all states except Alaska, so you should check your own state’s specific requirements for licensing.How much they make: $58,670 per year, or $28.21 per hourThe career outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that the field will grow about 23% by 2024- much faster than average for all jobs.5. Licensed Practical NurseLicensed practical nurses, or LPNs (also known as licensed vocational nurses) provide basic nursing care, under the direction of registered nurses and physicians. Their day-to-day work may include performing basic vital signs tests, changing bandages, inserting or removing catheters, helping patients with tasks like bathing or dressing, monitoring patients, and keeping detailed patient records.What you’ll need: A certificate from an LPN-specific program at an accredited school. All states require LPNs to be licensed and may have different regulations as to what an LPN can and cannot do on the job, so be sure to check your own state’s specific requirements.How much they make: $44,090 per year, or $21.20 per hourThe career outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that the field will grow about 12% by 2024- faster than average for all jobs.6. HVAC TechnicianWith cooling issues in summer and heating issues in winter, HVAC (Heating, Venting, and Air Conditioning) technicians are often in demand year-round. These professionals work on the systems that regulate air and temperature in buildings. Their day-to-day work may include installing heating or cooling equipment, diagnosing and fixing issues with air quality and temperature, installing electrical components and wiring, inspecting air systems, performing general maintenance on air systems, and ensuring compliance with air quality regulations.What you’ll need: A certificate from an HVAC-specific training program at an accr edited school, plus on-the-job training.How much they make: $45,910 per year, or $22.07 per hourThe career outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that the field will grow about 15% by 2024- much faster than average for all jobs.7. Diagnostic Medical SonographerDiagnostic medical sonographers use imaging equipment (like sonographs and ultrasound) to help diagnose or treat patients with internal injuries or conditions. Their day-to-day work may include preparing patients for testing, taking medical histories, educating patients about diagnostic imaging tests, preparing and maintaining diagnostic image equipment, operating diagnostic equipment, reviewing test results for accuracy, identifying normal and abnormal test results, analyzing the diagnostic results and providing them to physicians, and keeping detailed patient records.What you’ll need: An associate’s degree or a certificate from an accredited diagnostic medical sonography program. Although there ar e no state-specific licensing requirements, many employers prefer or require Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer (RDMS) professional certification.How much they make: $64,280 per year, or $30.90 per hourThe career outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that the field will grow about 17% by 2024- much faster than average for all jobs.8. Cardiovascular TechnologistSimilar to diagnostic medical sonographers, cardiovascular technologists use imaging equipment to diagnose and treat heart issues and conditions. Their day-to-day work may include performing tests like electrocardiograms, stress tests, and Holter monitoring to track cardiovascular health and activity, preparing and maintain the testing equipment, reviewing test results for accuracy, identifying normal and abnormal test results, analyzing the diagnostic results and providing them to physicians, and keeping detailed patient records.What you’ll need: An associate’s degree or a certificate from an accredited cardiovascular technologist program.How much they make: $64,280 per year, or $30.90 per hourThe career outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that the field will grow about 17% by 2024- much faster than average for all jobs.9. Truck DriverIf you really want a job that’s outside of the 9-to-5 world, truck driving is a field that literally leaves the office behind. Truck driving schools are becoming more popular, as logistics careers heat up in general. Truck drivers’ day-to-day work may include loading freight, inspecting and securing cargo, driving long distances to deliver goods or materials, performing vehicle maintenance, troubleshooting mechanical issues, and keeping detailed logs of their travels and deliveries.This is a job that requires long hours and the willingness to be away from home for extended periods of time. It also involves a lot of physical labor and stamina.What you’ll need: A commercial driver’s license (CDL ), with additional certifications if you’re interested in handling and transporting hazardous materials. Truck drivers may also need to complete a certificate from a professional truck-driving school.How much they make: $41,340 per year, or $19.87 per hourThe career outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that the field will grow about 6% by 2024- about average for all jobs.10. ParalegalParalegals are legal assistants who support attorneys, and it may surprise you to know that it’s not a job that requires law school, but rather a program in paralegal studies. Their day-to-day work may include maintaining and organizing files, doing legal research, gathering evidence and documents for attorneys, writing reports to help prepare attorneys for trials, drafting and reviewing legal correspondence, taking affidavits and other legal statements, filing briefs, and working with clients or witnesses to schedule appointments, interviews, or depositions.What youâ€℠¢ll need: An associate’s degree or a certificate from an accredited paralegal studies program.How much they make: $49,500 per year, or $23.80 per hourThe career outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that the field will grow about 15% by 2024- much faster than average for all jobs.If you’re thinking about taking the trade school route, there are â€Å"think outside the college box† options that can get you working in your field fairly quickly, without much of the debt and time investment of a more traditional four-year college education. Again, your career path should be what works for you and your goals, and there are lots of specific programs out there that can give you the exact education you need to get started.

Paraphrase and summarize Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Paraphrase and summarize - Essay Example Therefore men are differentiated from women biologically because they produce testosterone in larger quantities than women. The effects of testosterone begin in early stages of development, where an embryo is usually a female unless its hormones are altered. Therefore, a testosterone is normally used to effect this change into a boy, and normally men experience two periods of testosterone flood. This is during conception at six weeks and at teens. At six weeks, the testosterone functions to masculinize mind and body and complete the process at puberty. This hormone is, therefore, very important, for in its absence humans would always go back to the female sex which is the default sex of mankind (Morgenentaler, 39) This implies that the effect of testosterone is systemic. This is evident in genital distinction and its role in development of some characteristics such as deep voice, muscle and strength of upper body that women do not have. It also brings about behavioral differences. However, this is only based on research, for it is unethical to conduct such studies on man. However, it has been proved that in certain species where females are aggressive as compared to their males, it is because of females having more testosterone than males (Morgenentaler, 39).A good example is in the female hyenas. This means that levels of testosterone influence any behavior characteristic of man, and either males or females may exhibit

Performance Management System Analysis of Google Essay

Performance Management System Analysis of Google - Essay Example This research aims to understand the performance management system of an organization and evaluate its objectives, policies and procedures, and to identify problems if any. Furthermore, the research would highlight the strengths and the weaknesses of the performance management system and recommend improvements. In this research, the performance management system of the Google office in X, United Kingdom is analyzed in detail. The organization has many different internal teams, but the overall process for performance management has been streamlined across the organization. Rational and Methodology Google is a very performance oriented organization. Being a part of the dynamic internet industry, it is of top priority that the employees and the management perform to their optimal levels and keep on improving towards the mission and goal of the organization. This company was chosen because Google has been an organization that has revolutionized the internet industry; it is considered to be one of the best places to work in and because of its innovation as well as aggression. These reasons give an indication that the organization would have a strong and robust workforce that works collectively towards a common mission. Any strong and robust workforce would also be managed with the help of a performance management system that makes sure that the activities done by the employees align with the goals of their respective teams and with the larger mission of the organizations.... ystem that makes sure that the activities done by the employees align with the goals of their respective teams and with the larger mission of the organizations. The methodology for evaluating the performance management system was carried out through semi-structured interviews with a group of managers, human resource professionals as well as through the employees (total of 35 employees were interviewed). This was chosen as the methodology of research because it would not only provide insights about the system, but it will also give an indication of the different perspectives that employees and management have about the system in place. The semi-structured interview also gives scope for some open ended questions through which further detailed insights and opinions can be found out. According to the research done by Creswell (2007), semi-structured type of interview allows the researcher to lead a very informal discussion and conversation based on predetermined topics. Therefore, a semi -structured methodology of was decided upon. The research was done keeping all the ethical considerations in place and the respondents were chosen through a random selection. Once the information was collected, a subjective evaluation was done of the responses. In this research, quantitative analysis of data was not done because the key aim of the research was to understand and evaluate the performance management system. The information from each individual was collated to find out key facts and information related to the performance management system. Performance Management in the Organization Structure The structure of the Performance Management system in the Google office has multiple layers to it. Many different activities, such as informal chat with the employees to formal system of

Television shows Essay Example for Free

Television shows Essay For the present society, television shows are almost considered as a part of the lifestyle and culture of the modern people. Almost every individual in the society have their own favorite television program which they patronize which varies basically due to the factor of preference, time availability, morality and others. Each television program in the modern broadcast industry as their own theme and cultural nature that the show creatively explores to entice the interest and enthusiasm of the public. For the broadcast networks, having a rated television program which the general public patronize is a good investment as this can promote their main line of revenue namely paid advertisement. By critically analyzing the television program in the present broadcast industry, one can actually see that majority of these programs tackle current social issues and trends however, these are presented in a different view. Usually, television programs offer a symbolical perspective on the subject making it more interesting and captivating to the audience as its offers a somewhat imaginative scenario where the public can relate with. A good example of this program nature is the primetime hit television show entitled â€Å"Lost†. The television program entitled â€Å"Lost† was actually written and designed to produce an imaginative scenario of surviving a plane crash and being stranded on a mysterious island that has an unknown location. While in isolation, the survivors must struggle against the environment for their survival, against themselves for personal development and against the mysterious inhabitants as their search for a way to communicate with the world. By critical observation, one can learn that the main objective of the show is to show a different view towards dominant social issues such as unity, cooperation, system of leadership and others through the eyes of the small community of the survivors. In this show, the large global community with cultural diversity and other issues has been minimized through the contingent of the survivors as they establish a mutual relationship between each of them and their temporary home. In this show, there are several examples of reality warp or presentation of mystery. For example, the presence of a polar bear in a tropical island, uncharted location of the island, and the presence of laboratory hatches in an isolated place produce certain mysterious characteristic to the program. As the story develops, other mysteries are also explored such as the reason for the plane crash and the nature of the island and its native inhabitants. Much of the story is presented through the use of symbols. General concepts and ideas in the show are mainly represented through certain materials and items that are explicitly used in the program’s story. Foe example, the item of guns and other armaments represent power in the issues of struggle between the plane crash survivors and the inhabitants of the mysterious island. Another is the item of wireless intercom or â€Å"walkie talkie† presents the idea of difference between the two struggling factions making the inhabitants more sophisticated and better organized than the survivors as they have a mean for communication. All throughout the program’s story, each episode is centralized on a certain character wherein several flashbacks in his or her life will be presented to explain his or her present ideology or philosophy while in the island. Through this approach, viewers will better understand the story characters and their personal reason as to why he or she did his or her decision. Regarding the program advertisements, by analyzing the selection of products and/or services that are commercialize during the program’s timeslot, once can actually argue that the show is intended for general viewing mainly on the adult bracket making them the main marketing target for this program’s advertisement. Some specific commercials are cars, dress or fashion accessories, children’s apparel, technological gadgets and household products which are generally products for economically-capable adults. In general, the television program entitled â€Å"Lost† is a show that offers an alternative scenario in a creatively enhanced reality. Surviving plane crash and being stranded on a mysterious island is indeed a captivating storyline for the adult society who are basically looking for some thrills and adventures in the routinary life. Through this program, viewers are offered an interesting experience to witness how to survive in an island, establish harmonious and cooperative relationship in a group and struggle against forces that are more advance and familiar with the environment while struggling to be rescued and competing against oneself for personal development.

Hyperacusis :: Term Papers Research

Hyperacusis Hyperacusis is used to describe a high level of sensitivity to sound. It is also known as dysacusis, oxylacusis, hypersensitive hearing, or phonophobia. Persons with hyperacusis do not show abnormalloudness growth but an abnormal discomfort for suprathreshold sound (Barnes & Marriage, 1995). Audiograms for hyperacusis sufferers are typically normal. They show normal sound thresholds but the sensitivity level is above normal. The comfort level for most people is below 100 decibels. People with hyperacusis can experience discomfort at 40 to 50 decibels or lower (Schwade, 1995). The disorder may be frequency-specific (Schwade, 1995). Not all sounds of the same loudness (number of decibels) cause discomfort, but only sounds within a certain range, thus a small change of frequency may cause discomfort at low volume. The prevalence rate of hyperacusis is unknown. It frequently occurs with tinnitus, which afflicts approximately 40 million poeple in the United States (Hazell & Jastreboff, 1933). A questionnaire in a clinic population by Sanchez and Stephens (1997) found that eight percent of tinnitus sufferers have hyperacusis. These two studies would suggest about 3 million people in the United States have hyperacusis. Further a survey conducted by the Autism Research Institute found up to 40% of children with autism to be affected by hyperacusis. Hyperacusis also has an occurence rate of 95% in children with Williams syndrome (Borse, Curfs, & Fryns, 1997). These facts plus its comorbidity with many other diseases leads one to believe hyperacusis is not an extremely rare disease. Hyperacusis is a poorly understood disorder resulting in many theories of etiology and prognosis. Hyperacusis can occur alone or in conjunction with other disorders. A sudden single burst of noise (Schwade, 1995), a head injury (American Speech-Language Hearing Association, 1995), or surgery to the face or jaw (Barnes & Marriage, 1995) can result in hyperacusis. Barnes and Marriage also proposed two types of hyperacusis, peripheral and central. Peripheral hyperacusis is when the earÕs built in mechanism against loud or sharp sound seems to have been turned off. Absence of acoustic reflexes, positive history of vestibular disorders, MeniereÕs disease, or perilymph fistula account for peripheral hyperacusis. Hyperacusis co-occurring with BellÕs palsy, Ramsey Hunt syndrome, and myasthenia gravis is also considered to be peripheral hyperacusis. Hyperacusis is also an otological complication of herpes zoster (Adour, 1994) and craniomandibular disorders (Erlander and Rubinstein, 1991). Barnes and Marriage (1995) proposed another type of hyperacusis called central hyperacusis. Central hyperacusis results in an inability to tolerate specific but not necessarily loud sounds. Hyperacusis :: Term Papers Research Hyperacusis Hyperacusis is used to describe a high level of sensitivity to sound. It is also known as dysacusis, oxylacusis, hypersensitive hearing, or phonophobia. Persons with hyperacusis do not show abnormalloudness growth but an abnormal discomfort for suprathreshold sound (Barnes & Marriage, 1995). Audiograms for hyperacusis sufferers are typically normal. They show normal sound thresholds but the sensitivity level is above normal. The comfort level for most people is below 100 decibels. People with hyperacusis can experience discomfort at 40 to 50 decibels or lower (Schwade, 1995). The disorder may be frequency-specific (Schwade, 1995). Not all sounds of the same loudness (number of decibels) cause discomfort, but only sounds within a certain range, thus a small change of frequency may cause discomfort at low volume. The prevalence rate of hyperacusis is unknown. It frequently occurs with tinnitus, which afflicts approximately 40 million poeple in the United States (Hazell & Jastreboff, 1933). A questionnaire in a clinic population by Sanchez and Stephens (1997) found that eight percent of tinnitus sufferers have hyperacusis. These two studies would suggest about 3 million people in the United States have hyperacusis. Further a survey conducted by the Autism Research Institute found up to 40% of children with autism to be affected by hyperacusis. Hyperacusis also has an occurence rate of 95% in children with Williams syndrome (Borse, Curfs, & Fryns, 1997). These facts plus its comorbidity with many other diseases leads one to believe hyperacusis is not an extremely rare disease. Hyperacusis is a poorly understood disorder resulting in many theories of etiology and prognosis. Hyperacusis can occur alone or in conjunction with other disorders. A sudden single burst of noise (Schwade, 1995), a head injury (American Speech-Language Hearing Association, 1995), or surgery to the face or jaw (Barnes & Marriage, 1995) can result in hyperacusis. Barnes and Marriage also proposed two types of hyperacusis, peripheral and central. Peripheral hyperacusis is when the earÕs built in mechanism against loud or sharp sound seems to have been turned off. Absence of acoustic reflexes, positive history of vestibular disorders, MeniereÕs disease, or perilymph fistula account for peripheral hyperacusis. Hyperacusis co-occurring with BellÕs palsy, Ramsey Hunt syndrome, and myasthenia gravis is also considered to be peripheral hyperacusis. Hyperacusis is also an otological complication of herpes zoster (Adour, 1994) and craniomandibular disorders (Erlander and Rubinstein, 1991). Barnes and Marriage (1995) proposed another type of hyperacusis called central hyperacusis. Central hyperacusis results in an inability to tolerate specific but not necessarily loud sounds.

Gorilla Behavior and Human Behavior Essay

Gorillas are often seen in the movies and television shows are big monster that people have to learn to deal with in the long run. Sometimes, gorillas are portrayed as scary creatures. There are times, however, when gorillas are shown as friendly animals which are a lot like human beings. Gorillas can be described and defined in many ways, especially with the help of mass media. Then again, in a scientific context, here is a gorilla really is: The Gorillas Population: There are a lot of living primates in the world, and the largest of its kind are gorillas. These are herbivores that live by dwelling on the ground. Most gorillas are found in Africa, especially in the forests of the said country (Alverdes, 1969). Gorillas survive very well in subtropical or tropical forests although a lot of them thrive in mountains and in different elevations. Elevated areas where gorillas can be found are the Virunga Volcanoes in Albertine Rift. Some gorillas thrive in the lowlands, too, where lots of them are found in marshes, swamps and thick forests (Alverdes, 1969). Gorillas Family Life: The family life of gorillas shows how much similar they are to humans. Gorillas are considered social creatures who typically build harems. Harems, in this context, means that silver back male gorillas will live with its offsprings and a lot of adult female gorillas (Alverdes, 1969). Then again, with the gorillas that live in mountains, only 40% of which have various closely-related male gorillas (Alverdes, 1969). Generally, gorillas groups contain more females than males. In fact, males in the gorillas family are considered â€Å"left-overs†. Male gorillas go round and about the forests alone. The male gorillas, being loners themselves, make up only five to ten percent of the general population of gorillas. An all-male group of gorillas even exists, all of which are found in elevated areas. This all-male gorillas group is called the mountain gorillas (Alverdes, 1969). Gorilla groups come in different sizes. On the average, there are only four to ten members in a gorilla group. It was in the Central African Republic where the largest gorilla group was found. The largest gorillas group was made up of 52 gorillas (Alverdes, 1969). Gorilla groups have leaders, too. What, then, happens when the leader of the gorilla group dies? It is either the whole group just gets dissolved, or a gorilla takes over. Like humans, gorillas have standards, too. The only gorilla who can take over the leadership is the son of the leader who passed away. If not, then it should be the subordinate silver back male gorilla (Alverdes, 1969). These western lowland gorillas are one of the sub-species of the family of gorillas. Each group is composed of ten gorillas and sometimes only six. The leader is the strongest and the fiercest male called the silver back gorilla (Alverdes, 1969). The leaders of such group are challenged, too, to know who deserves to take over. Adolescent males wait until they grow big enough for the challenge and if they don’t get the leadership in their hands, they can always leave home and be the leader of the new family he will have to build (Alverdes, 1969). Recent studies show that the 100,000 lowland gorillas in the western part of Africa are no longer 100,000. Today, there may only be around 50,000 gorillas left because of the trade in ape meat (which is illegal) and also because of a disease caused by ebola virus (Alverdes, 1969). Gorillas – A Lot Like Humans? Now here are some behavioral patterns that make gorillas and human beings similar to each other: Gorillas are generally aggressive creatures. Their aggressive behaviors found in the human population are their habit of headlong charge, roaring very loudly and beating their own chest (Derbyshire, 2007). With this, it goes to show that gorillas have a macho reputation like humans. However, despite this reputation, these creatures are very gentle especially when it is their time to eat their meals. Researches show that they also have the habit of cleaning their faces and fingers especially when they just finished consuming their food in a messy manner. If humans use water and soap to clean their fingers and faces, gorillas use giant leaves to replace what humans would call as napkins (Derbyshire, 2007). Dr Noelle Kumpel, a researcher from the Zoological Society of London in West Africa, was surprised when he saw how gorillas used leaves as napkins. How do gorillas do this? They simply tear big leaves from trees and plants. Gorillas wipe their hands and mouths after a meal. No one can deny that is a very basic human activity because before and after eating, humans really clean themselves up. They wash their hands and clean their mouths and dry themselves with a dry towel (Derbyshire, 2007). It has been mentioned awhile ago that gorillas, like humans, are social beings, too. Whatever image of gorillas there is that is portrayed on the television and the cinema are not any inch close to how they are in person. Gorillas are very gentle and delicate creatures, sometimes even gentler and more delicate than human beings. Members of the Zoological Society of London in West Africa observed the behaviors of gorillas in Gabon, a conversation park where lowland gorillas are found. They learned and witnessed with their very own eyes how gentle gorillas are compared to chimpanzees. They show sings of sympathy, friendship and leadership among themselves (Derbyshire, 2007). Another amazing thing about gorillas is that, like humans, they care about their diet, too. Observers discovered that gorillas follow a vegetarian diet. They only eat whatever they see around them, but it is limited only to fruits and leaves (Derbyshire, 2007). Like human beings, gorillas care about how they look. If they see a mud, bug or a flee in another gorilla’s body, they take it away from that gorilla’s body. It clearly goes to show that gorillas take pride in their hair which they consider a very significant part of their family life as gorillas (Derbyshire, 2007). Another surprising behavior that gorillas have is that they are technologically minded. If their cousin chimpanzees use stones, twigs and other tools to get some food, gorillas do it differently (Derbyshire, 2007). Like humans, gorillas find better ways to make life easier and more convenient for them. Gorillas use sticks to get to the other side of the pools and swamps or in some other areas they will otherwise not reach without the help of the sticks (Derbyshire, 2007). In A Nutshell: To summarize the whole study, what, in general, makes the gorillas similar to human beings? It is how they behave in a given environment and how they react to situations. It is with the way gorillas try to survive. It is with their ability to think. Not all animals will think about removing flees from another animal’s hair because only gorillas and human beings know the value of cleanliness and hygiene. The same goes with how gorillas tear giant leaves from trees and plants to clean themselves up after a meal. What makes gorillas and human beings a lot like each other is their ability to think, plan and execute the plans to come up with a result. It is basically about wanting to win the battle of survival called life which other creatures wouldn’t even be aware of. Works Cited: Alverdes, Friedrich. â€Å"The Social Life in the Animal World. † Routledge Press, 1999. Ciochon, Russell and John Fleagle. â€Å"Primate Evolution and Human Origins. † Aldine Transaction Press, 1987. Derbyshire, David. 20 June 2007. â€Å"How gorillas have perfect manners at meal times. † Daily Mail. 13 May 2008 . Fossey, Dian. â€Å"Gorillas in the Mist. † Houghton Mifflin Books, 1988. Taylor, Andrea Beth and Michele Lynn Goldsmith. â€Å"Gorillas Biology: A Multidisciplinary Perspective. † Cambridge University Press, 2004.

A Christian View of Beauty Essay

Beauty, a term once revered in ancient days as the pinnacle of physical attributes embodied in worldly entities, has seemingly in this day lost much of its meaning. Phrases like â€Å"beauty is in the eye of the beholder† have surprisingly become commonplace, and even Christians have begun to subscribe to the notion of aesthetic relativism. Specifically, this is the idea that beauty is purely contained within the observer and objects on their own have no aesthetic value in and of themselves. It is what has effectively stripped the main essence from the old ideal of beauty, and in my opinion a primary reason why there are so many who cannot see or refuse to see God in the world today. â€Å"Beauty is in the eye of the beholder†, the oft-heard phrase today, refers to one’s belief in the subjectivity of beauty—that is, aesthetic relativism. This prevailing belief dictates that my own perception of what is beautiful does not necessarily correlate to others’ perception of what they find beautiful. Simply because I find a song inspiring and relaxing does not necessarily mean that everyone will and it’s even pretentious and rude of me to insist so. And since everyone has their own particular tastes in all types of art, it is inferred that those tastes correlate to true beauty in their own eyes. But, this whole concept of beauty in each man’s own perception is severely lacking: it gives our own God far too little credit for the creation itself. In my opinion, a greatly preferable view for one who professes to believe in a divine creator is the belief in the objectivity of beauty. Perhaps the ancient Greeks were on to something after all when artists such as Polykleitos sought the perfect proportions of beauty. Such a pursuit required one to see beauty as objective: something contained within the object itself. Especially farseeing was Plato’s belief in the â€Å"idea† realm, in which perfect prototypes of every living and nonliving thing existed. It was a transcendent realm which we could never quite reach in terms of achieving this perfect â€Å"idea form†. Such a theory, old as it is, is not very far from the truth in my opinion. The real truth of beauty lies in none other than our own God. Nevertheless, I think it is necessary to divide beauty into two types to see how God influences it. There is a physical beauty in each living and nonliving thing; something which can be perceived by the eye. Such beauty, I think, aligns with Plato’s â€Å"idea form† concept—that is, we perceive things as the most beautiful when they are closest to that ideal shape from which they were wrought. Among my beliefs is that God really does have ideal forms in His own mind, from which spring forth every single precious creation. God’s creations are often universally seen as beautiful to us—forests, rivers, grasslands, domestic animals and wild animals alike are loved by us and sometimes even worshipped for their beauty. Their forms tend to be very similar among their own kind, and many different organizations strive to find the perfect proportions, coloring, and other attributes of them. A well-known example is the American Kennel Club, which appoints judges in dog shows who determine the ideal proportions of many breeds of dogs. In such competitions, we are striving to find the ideal, most beautiful form of dogs, which strongly hints at a belief in an archetypal â€Å"idea form†. Perhaps the human form itself could even have its archetypal roots in Adam and Eve; but regardless, humans who most closely fit this prototypical form are perceived as most beautiful by others. Ugliness is the disfiguration or mutilation of this form, such as severed parts or scars or even obesity. Even so, there is always some degree of the supreme beauty in each and every creation, for God’s own light can shine through even the darkest of places. Indeed, God’s original beauty shining through us and our own creations is the main source of aesthetic pleasure in this world. God revealed this to us in Ezekiel 16:14, when He declared â€Å"And your fame spread among the nations on account of your beauty, because the splendor I had given you made your beauty perfect†. This constitutes a second kind of beauty, a nonphysical and more conceptual beauty. Such beauty is what normally would be seen in man’s creations and his very personality. It can be witnessed in personalities such as a warm and inviting host, a charitable man who goes out of his way to help others, or something as simple as one who laughs often. And, of course, a massive demonstrator of this kind of beauty is creations of man’s own design such as music, paintings, and sculptures which frequently grab hold of our emotions. The reason these things are so beautiful is simple: God’s immense love when He created us and our intellects is still shown brilliantly in things which we produce. These do not necessarily have to be direct reflections of God’s own exquisite creations (as in the Realist style of art); His magnificence can be shown in abstract art as well. A good example is the Asian kanji form of writing, which for centuries has been considered highly artistic and stylized. The Japanese kanji ai, or â€Å"love† (Appendix A) has a very smooth and majestic feel, and is capable of triggering human emotions of wonder and calmness on its own. It is a mere thirteen strokes of a brush, yet because of God’s own love and inventiveness shining through the artist onto the paper, we can consider it beautiful. Truly, God’s creativeness can be seen in every single thing which man has created, and therefore we can see some degree of beauty in everything. Looking at the world in this objective way is doubtlessly far greater than the popular aesthetic relativist stance in contemporary culture. It introduces a sense of wonder in the individual in everything he perceives, because he has the knowledge that it was specifically created by the supreme God and personally beheld in all its glory as â€Å"very good† (Genesis 1:31). Hiking through mountainous forests can fill a man with such a sense of sheer majesty that it can be a religious experience, and I have personally witnessed even unbelievers profess to see a glimpse of God in such prime examples of His glorious creation. Even more typical occurrences such as a snowy night under a star-speckled sky or waking up to a dazzling sunrise peeking through lush treetops can in a person bring forth extreme awe if that person accepts aesthetic objectivity through God. Maybe the subjectivity of beauty is not as enlightened as it appears to countless millions in our culture. The beauty in that captivating mountainous forest or star-speckled sky becomes fully dependent on the individual. It’s reduced to a matter of taste, and if a person finds such things wondrous, that in itself does not make them truly and rapturously divine as it does in one who believes that God Himself has blessed such occurrences. Beautiful entities are simply something which an individual deems â€Å"nice† or â€Å"quaint† to which someone else might readily disagree, in contrast to a glimpse of the utter splendor of God. Some things are beautiful, some are ugly, and it all depends on preference; whereas objectivity of beauty proclaims that beauty is to be found everywhere in varying degrees. Aesthetic relativism ultimately leads to a sense of incuriosity towards much of the world and blocking out what does not â€Å"suit your taste†, a sort of omnipresent mild malaise of the subconscious. It would be wiser to consider that â€Å"the splendor I had given you made your beauty perfect† (Ezekiel 16:14), and approach the magnificent world with an ever-growing curiousness and a watchful eye for the inherent beauty present in each and every creation.

Communicate with animal essays

Communicate with animal essays Its so amazing to know that animal can communicate with human. I think a lot of people would surprise to know that, but its not a baseless parlance because we can see an example from Koko who has been taught to use American Sign Language by an institution called Gorilla Foundation. Right now Koko can use more than one thousand signs for food, drink and more. Since we have had a successful example on exploiting Kokos ability, we should have confidence to exploit other animals besides Koko. So, I think we should spend money and time to try to communicate with animals such as Koko the gorilla because knowing the ideas from animals is an amazing investigation; in contrast, it can raise peoples awareness of animal protection and it would probably become a great tourism business within years. The importance of protecting animals can be learnt by communicating with animals. Biologists claim that the difference between animals and human beings is human can analyze and communicate with their fellow creatures. Before the process of evolution, humans were as alike as any kind of ape or gorilla, except for the difference in the brain. After ages and ages, human has become the smartest creature in the earth. As time passed by, people dont remember their position in the nature anymore. We try to improve our living standard and ignore the existence of other animals. Our strength has been shown to the nature by harming other creatures and eventually the natural world is no longer balance now. Some species are in danger of extinction. Did they deserve to be extinct? Why should we deprive them of their right of living on the earth? Didnt the animals and we use to be the same? Thats because they are not able to say no or to fight against us. Accordingly, the animals can be protected if we can communicate with them. Teaching gorilla American Sign Language is the fir ...

How to Write Compelling Personality Profiles

How to Write Compelling Personality Profiles The personality profile is an article about an individual, and profiles are one of the staples of feature writing. No doubt youve read profiles in newspapers, magazines or websites. Profiles can be done on just about anyone whos interesting and newsworthy, whether its the local mayor or a rock star. Here are seven tips for producing great profiles. 1. Take the Time to Know Your Subject Too many reporters think they can produce quick-hit profiles where they spend a few hours with a subject and then bang out a quick story. That wont work. To really see what a person is like you need to be with him or her long enough so that they let their guard down and reveal their true selves. That wont happen in an hour or two. 2. Watch Your Subject in Action Want to know what a person is really like? Watch them doing what they do. If youre profiling a professor, watch him teach. A singer? Watch (and listen) to her sing. And so on. People often reveal more about themselves through their actions than their words, and watching your subject at work or play will give you lots of action-oriented description that will breathe life into your story. 3. Show the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly A profile shouldnt be a puff piece. It should be a window into who the person really is. So if your subject is warm and cuddly, fine, show that. But if theyre cold, arrogant and generally unpleasant, show that too. Profiles are most interesting when they reveal their subjects as real people, warts and all. 4. Talk to People Who Know Your Subject Too many beginning reporters think a profile is just about interviewing the subject. Wrong. Human beings usually lack the ability to objectively view themselves, so make a point of talking to people who know the person youre profiling. Talk to the persons friends and supporters, as well as their detractors and critics. As we said in tip no. 3, your goal is to produce a rounded, realistic portrait of your subject, not a press release. 5. Avoid Factual Overload Too many beginning reporters write profiles that are little more than an accretion of facts about the people they are profiling. But readers dont particularly care when someone was born, or what year they graduated from college. So yes, include some basic biographical information about your subject, but dont overdo it. 6. Avoid Chronologies Another rookie mistake is to write a profile as a chronological narrative, starting with the persons birth and plodding through their life up to the present. Thats boring. Take the good stuff- whatever it is that makes your profile subject interesting- and emphasize that right from the start. 7. Make a Point About Your Subject Once youve done all your reporting and gotten to know your subject reasonably well, dont be afraid to tell your readers what youve learned. In other words, make a point about what kind of person your subject is. Is your subject shy or aggressive, strong-willed or ineffectual, mild or hot-tempered? If you write a profile that doesnt say something definitive about its subject, then you havent done the job.

Personal Reflection on education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Reflection on education - Essay Example Knowing the value of the degree that will be awarded from Strayer University, I expect to get a reputable post in a well known organization. I expect that the masters’ degree programme at Strayer University will provide me with better professional career and will assist me throughout my working life by the knowledge it will give. I also expect to use the concepts being taught and the experience gained in my regular life. The reason for choosing Strayer University is the goodwill that it has earned through years of excellent teaching. The high achievers being qualified for degrees from this university are being called in by various organizations. The excellence of the university, hence, becomes a part of the students’ name and the student becomes an efficient professional in his latter life. Hence, I have chosen this university for the knowledge it conveys and the experiences it transfers in the students. I work for the Saudi Embassy as a captain in Saudi Army. This degree would also be helpful in getting a promotion from a captain to a major’s post. The requirements set by the organization to acquire higher degrees led me to pursue this programme.

The Iconic image of Mao hangs at the Tiananmen Square and Its Futher Essay

The Iconic image of Mao hangs at the Tiananmen Square and Its Futher Implications - Essay Example Further, the face of China today was an entirely different one before. The penetration of the imperialists deteriorated the economic situation of the country. Political disloyalty and fraud emerged as corruption began to have an effect when the British East India Company earned massive revenues by co-operating with China’s corrupt public officers. The Japanese people attempted to take control of the nation by its Twenty-One Demand that gained severe protests. Mao Tse-Tung or most popularly known as Mao Zedong was one of the young intellectuals who set off the pioneering work of establishing the first Marxism study cluster that aimed to integrate the theories and principles of Marx in the political system of China. In 1921, he co-founded the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), which, together with the Kuomintang (KMT), battled against the guerrilla leaders and warlords who ruled lots of Northern China. The [Student’s Last Name] 2 Chinese Communist Party (CCP) – under t he leadership of Mao Zedong – eventually took spearhead and control over the entire nation on a completely different path. A Short Biography of Mao Zedong and His Contributions to the Political Scheme of China Mao Zedong was the leading and primary Chinese communist chairman and leader of the 20th century and the chief forefather of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. He was born on December 26, 1893, and was raised in a peasant family in a small village of Shaoshan, Hunan province of China. He was a stubborn rebel of his father's unusually strict disciplinary authority. He was initially introduced to subjects like the Chinese history, literature and philosophy but was also opened up to the thoughts and philosophies of progressive Confucian activists namely K'yang Yu-Wei. Mao moved to Changsa - the capital of the province - where he shortly worked as a combatant of the Republican army that defeated the Qing Dynasty in 1911 revolutionary action. During his stay in Ch angsa, he studied various topics of the Western civilizations including Western Philosophy and was likewise immensely motivated by several liberal newspapers and journalistic printed materials including the New Youth, established by the radical lead Chen Duxiu. In 1918, after completing his studies from the Hunan Teachers College, he voyaged to Peking, now Beijing, and got hold of a job in the Peking University Library under the supervision of Li Dazhao - the chief librarian of the university. Li was highly involved with the study of Marxism and eventually, Mao joined the study group and together they delved into the political and social philosophy of Marxism and in the long run became a keen reader of Marxist writings. Mao printed and circulated articles picking holes with the outdated, old-style standards [Student’s Last Name] 3 of Confucianism. The circulation occurred during the "May Fourth Movement of 1919" where scholars, learners and thinkers were convened for the even tual transformation and innovation of China. Mao emphasized the substantial weight of physical power and mental determination in the fight against custom. In the year 1921, Mao co-founded the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Albeit he was an avid reader of Marxist writings, he geographically tilted a bit from Marxism when he sensed that in an Asian civilization, communists had to give more focus on the rural areas or the countryside instead of giving so much attention to the urban towns. In actual fact,

Answering Poems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answering Poems - Assignment Example The oldest wood arises from a forest that has not faced exposure to deforestation for a long time hence chances that the wood has survived for a long time. It’s also important to note that the age of the wood significantly define the maturity and strength of the product. Interpretation of this in the world of humanity, incriminating evidence indicates that the depth of knowledge in an individual highly defines the identity of a person although this takes time to build. Frost enumerates the various significance of tree in the society. In his poem â€Å"A Young Birch" the value of tree widely play a significant role in defining life of man and other animals virtually depending on it (Tuten, et al,391). The tree has medicinal values to the society and although it takes time to nurture, it has inexhaustible application. Actions of people in the society highly influence the fate of the trees although some mutual relationship exists between both sides. The value of the trees relies on nature of care accorded to the tree and the length of time spared for nurturing to maturity. The beautiful serene environment and scene created by these trees is aesthetic. Uses of trees virtually find a place all over the daily life and various activities of man in as much as taking care of it may sound tedious and discouraging. Once taken care of and harvested, trees have unlimited use in the society. Critical analysis of the values of tree leaves no doubt that they remain complementary to each other. It remains a fact that wood finds use in any surrounding of man in terms of the items made from it. The bed, furniture, books and other essential products virtually come from wood and constitute the better part of human life. The poets express the unending value of trees which spread over the life of man for a long time. Just like the invaluable nature of knowledge in the life of an individual, survival of human being basically remain anchored on

Commentary On Voltaires Candide

Commentary On Voltaires Candide Voltaires work, Candide, uses powerful satirical narrative to represent slavery in the eighteenth century, the supposed Age of Reason, and Candides epiphany, represented throughout the course of the extract. The passage follows the travels of Candide and his fellows to Buenos-Aires, in search of his beloved Cunà ©gonde. After five days of travelling, he arrives, with Cacambo, outside the town of Surinam, where they encounter a mutilated slave. The theme of slavery is represented most effectively through the descriptions given by the characters, rather than the physical description of the scene provided by the narrator. A slave or negrave is found on the ground. His physical position, cute;tendu par terre, reflects his social class and the degradation of slaves. The slaves garment, un caleccedil;on de toile bleue, is hardly weather-proof or durable, highlighting the poverty endured by slaves and the ruthless attitude of their masters. Voltaire withholds the name of the slave, emphasising the disregard for human life implied within society. Nà ¨gre is used to represent the entire slave population. This pejorative term further highlights societys attitude. However, it is important to note that Candide first calls him mon ami, indicating his open nature, perhaps a reflection of Voltaires opinion of slavery. Whilst the masters of slaves are very disrespectful of their slaves, the nà ¨gre calls his keeper maà ®tre, showing a profound respect. To add to masters grandeur, the slave recalls his position in society, qualifying it with the adjective fameux. In this paragraph, the depiction of slavery is brutal, with the tragedies of the workplace and punishment discussed with a banal acceptance. The language used when the slave describes how la meule nous attrape le doigt, on nous coupe la main; quand nous voulons nous enfuir, on nous coupe la jambe gives a feeling of breathlessness and the futility of his attempt to escape. This description of suffering draws accurately on legislation concerning delinquent slaves set out in in the 1685 Code Noir.The description also draws a parallel between the relationship between the slave and his master. Voltaires use of restrictive adverbials, such as ne†¦que demonstrate the physical effects of cruelty on the slave. The language used by the slave i s resigned, with a repetitive use of passive structures such as on nous. The slave then coldly states, cest à   ce prix que vous mangez du sucre en Europe. This simple statement highlights the corruption, not only in slavery, but in all levels of society. Leibnizs philosophy of Optimism is evident in the representation of slavery. The slaves resigned account shows an acceptance of life shared with those who follow the belief of Optimism. Leibniz claimed that both human and moral evils were part of a greater good.This is further emphasised by the qualification of slavery by the mother of the slave as un honneur. The slave adds an optimistic cependant; this sudden element of bathos reinforces Pangloss meilleur des mondes outlook on life. This optimistic view, personified through Pangloss, contrasts greatly with Candides opinions after witnessing the situation. The absurdity of Optimism, with reference to the slave-trade, is shown when Cacambo asks, Quest-ce que quoptimisme? Cacambo has not used an article before optimism, emphasising how little he cares for it. With reference to the novel as a whole, Optimism is only mentioned directly within this passage. As soon as it is mentioned, it is denounced. Further to the slaves account, he co mpares his situation with that of des chiens, des singes et des perroquets. The animals might possibly represent the different social classes within society. The passage emphasises how slavery was represented in monetary terms; the slave was sold by his mother for ten à ©cus patagons, the currency of Spain at the time. Moreover, throughout the slaves account of how he came to be in this position, it appears that slavery was represented differently in the West from the homelands of the slaves. The nà ¨gre recalls how his mother told him ils te feront vivre heureux, describing it as an honour to work for nos seigneurs, les blancs. It is interesting that the masters are classed as les Blancs. Voltaire divides society not only by social class, but also by race. It is clear that the people of Guinà ©e were disillusioned by the notion of slavery. The confusion is further emphasised by the religious theme central to the passage. The lexical field of religion emphasises the religious beliefs of the slaves, a central theme in their African culture. Evidently, the slave is religious, as he attends church tous les dimanches. However, Voltaire highlights, yet again, the corruption within society by making it clear to the reader that the slave had been converted. The Pasteur claims that they are tous enfants dAdam, blancs et noirs. This contradicts his earlier statement of the masters being les blancs. Like his clothes and culture, his religious identity has been stripped from him. Here, Voltaire is criticising the social system of the period. It is clear that the slaves are taught what they know not to be true, yet they accept it as it is the way of the world in which they live. Despite Voltaires thought-provoking depiction of slavery in the passage, it is interesting to look critically at Candides attitude to the situation. When he first encounters the slave on the road, he addresses him in a friendly manner, symbolising his naivety and lack of understanding. Voltaires portrayal of Candides naivety is referenced even in his name. Candide is taken from Latin and connotes whiteness, openness, naivety, innocence and, more negatively, inexperience and credulity. The passive language of the slave throughout his description of his horrific ordeal is a direct juxtaposition with the raw emotion portrayed through Candides reaction. The flaws in Panglosss optimism are clearly highlighted, especially during Candides discourse. W.H Barber suggest that the characters help Voltaire in his purpose of parodying the episodic adventure novel [making it possible for the reader] to view characters and narrative as it were externally, and consequently critically to become aware of the caricature and exaggeration, the deliberate implausibilities, the bathetic contrasts. Despite Candides denouncing of belief, he does little else to react to the situation. Candide merely begins to cry, leaving the slave where he found him. The reader criticises Candide for not helping to free the slave from his bind in society. Voltaire is provoking this response in the reader to make clear the effects of passivity. He also seems to regard the problem as so large and horrifying that [†¦] one can only weep and go on ones way, or presumably, continue to eat sugar with a guilty conscience. Throughout this passage, irony plays very little part. However, other narrative techniques are employed. Personal deixis is used when Candide is talking to the slave. He asks, que fais-tu là  , mon ami, dans là ©tat horrible oà ¹ je te vois?Here it is impossible for the reader to understand the situation and the horrible state that the slave is in without reading into the context of the question. The theme of culture can be thoroughly examined in this passage. Talking en hollandais, Candide emphasises his European background compared with the African culture of the slave. Division within society is clearly illustrated when the slave tells Candide that his mutilation is the price that he has paid to eat sugar en Europe. Voltaire demonstrates that the world is divided. Interestingly, the slave understands Candides Dutch, highlighting their cultural awareness, the importance of communication and the enforcement of other cultures upon slaves. The cultural toleration of the slaves is juxtaposed with the attitude of Western civilisation. African culture appears to be more family-oriented when compared with Candides upbringing. The slave refers to his mother, ma mere, showing his respect for the advice given to him by his family. Throughout this passage of Voltaires Candide, slavery is represented in a number of ways, most notably by the description provided by the slave himself. In addition, Candides attitude highlights the philosophy of Optimism that Voltaire aims to discuss throughout the entire book. It is said that the narrative of Candide is [..] a vehicle carefully designed to convey a philosophical discussion of topical concern both to the author and reader. In conclusion, Voltaire has employed a palette of narrative techniques to enrich this passage of the book. Word Count= 1,490 Bibliography MHRA format Barber, W.H., Studies in French Literature 5, Voltaire: Candide (London: W.H. Barber, 1960) Cronk ,Professor Nicholas, Voltaire and the Voices of Enlightenment, read by Simon Russell Beale, (BBC Radio 3, 2010) Mason,Haydn, European Masters  : Voltaire (London  : Hutchinson, 1975) Williams,David, Voltaire:Candide (London: Grant and Cutler Ltd, 1997) Voltaire, Candide, Presentation by Jean Goldzink, (Paris, Editions Flammarion, 2007)